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The evolution of the double-character learning of the late Qing Dynasty and its philosophical revelation
Author: Chen Qitai
Source: “Jinan Major: Social Science Edition” 2019 Issue 5
Time: Confucius was the 13th day of the Puyue of Gengzi
� On the 3rd of the month
Content summary:After the late Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the modern-day Gongyang School, who valued the meaning of logic, said that it was valued by recognized scholars from its beginnings, which not only became the starting point for the rejuvenation of Gongyang School in the late Qing Dynasty, but also confessed to the middle of the Qing Dynasty. The number of academic paths that valued the meaning of logic has been valued by students, and they are ready to develop. The Qing Dynasty’s rule was exactly the decline from prosperity. This revival of modern literature, which was “to argue for politics”, was inspiring with the development of society and in line with the tide of the times. Therefore, it entered the middle of the academic stage and became the mainstream of the thinking of the times. Those who inherited the inheritance and academic paths include Liu Fengyu, Huang Zhizhen, Wei Yuan, and Kang Youwei, the leader of Wuxu, and others, which set off a wave of academic changes and social changes in the era. However, the high-level examinations in Qianlong Zhongye did not stop and still adhered to its “being spirit”. Therefore, Kong Guangsen and later students still treated Gongyang with the academic numbers of academic examinations, which formed a unique landscape with dual and advanced academic performance. For this new and rich subject, we need to conduct discussions and summary, deepen our understanding of the unique connotation of Gongyang’s history and the Qing Dynasty’s academic practice, and gain precious philosophical revelations from it. The profound exploration of the connotation and characteristics of Chinese foreign country history learning will definitely provide major support for the construction of contemporary Chinese historical science systems.
Keywords:Daily Wen Gongyang School of the Late Qing Dynasty: Double and progress, Political School, Politics, Contemporary History, Construction of Chinese Contemporary History
Author introduction: Chen Qitai, professor and doctoral supervisor of Beijing Teachers and Masters College of Major Academy of Sciences, the purpose of the important discussion is the history of Chinese history.
In the history of academic studies in the Qing Dynasty, Wu Jinzhang and written the book “Year-Orth Correction” in the late Qianlong period are a matter with a certain meaning. Where is it? This is because “Year Righteousness” explains the Confucian classic “Year Ring” from the perspective of the path of focusing on theory. During the Qianlong period, the long-term trend was to focus on the academic style of intensive examinations based on the “Ancient Literature Learning” thinking system as a guide, and students competed with the tasks of comparing historical parallelism and textual and pronunciation training. Zhuang Cun and his book “Age of the Age” are another clear academic paths, and what he values is to explain the Confucian classic “Age of the Age of the Age” from the perspective of the theory. In history, the work “The Age Ram” was explained in theory in two periods.He has produced two famous works, one is “Years of Fanlu” written by Dong Zhongshu during the reign of Emperor Wu of Xihan, and the other is “The Interpretation of Gongyang He Family” written by He Xiu at the end of Donghan. But since He Xiu, the age of Yang Xue said that no one had ever asked for anything, and he has been low for more than a thousand years. Therefore, the emergence of the book “The Era of the Year” means that the Gongyang School has continued to be static and non-even-individual affairs after a long period of time. It contains multiple historical information, which requires analysis with the perspective of high and low communication and mastering the source and flow changes, and then discusses why the late Qing Dynasty’s Gongyang School formed a dual evolution format and the different historical influences caused by different academic paths.
1. The number of academic paths between Zhuangzhou and Kong Guangsen and its profound social civilization landscape
(I) href=”https://twsugardiary.com/Lynn/2018/12/19/%e9%81%87%e5%88%b0%e6%88%90%e7%86%9f%e6%ad%b7%e7%b7%b4%e7%9a%84%e4%b9%be%e7%88 %b9/”>BaoqingZhang Cun and: Focus on the principles of logic and seek the right path of Gongyang learning
Zhang Cun and (1719-1788), whose courtesy name was Fang Geng, wrote the thirteen volumes of “Year-Original Correction” in the Qianlong period. He confessed that his academic theme was to respect the traditions of Dong Zhongshu and He Xiuyin literary scholars of the Han Dynasty, and seek the right path of Gongyang learning. This was a founding achievement in the Qing Dynasty.
Before the Zhuang family, Zhao Feng, a scholar in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, wrote fifteen volumes of “Year and Age”. The idea of his works is dissatisfied with the fact that at that time, the scholars only explained “Year” in “Zuo Ji”. Zhao believed that Confucius compiled “Year” by Shi Zhi, which was written and slashed, “to express his right to make trouble, and to describe the truth without making any difference in the author’s affairs”①. Bao HaimeiHe realized that “Rams” refocused on “Years” and this point should be determined, but he did not neglect the way to “small words and great meanings”, but hoped to promote the purpose of “Years” through the way of learning “comparisons”, which failed to find the right way to explore this learning. Zhuangcun is a book title that is only one word different from Zhu’s, which actually includes serious changes in nature.
The most classic example is the explanation of the “Rams” of how Ru Guojun’s “ascend the throne”. Zhaoxian’s “Year and Eternal Reign” proposes: “The emperor ascended the throne after the year, and wrote the ‘the first month of the king ascended the throne’; he could not ascend the throne, and did not ascend the throne.” He explained that the rules of this “book law” were obtained by learning the literature. From “the first month of the spring king of the first year of the first year of the spring king” to “the first month of the spring king of the first year of the first year of the spring king of the first year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year of the year, Zhaoxian believed that the seven kings of Lu Huan, Wen, Xuan, Cheng, Xiang, Zhao and Ai were all the first years.The son of the heirs continued, “after the first day of the first day of the year, he first wrote to the throne to clarify the ancestors, and also became the throne, to meet all officials, to correct the monarch and his ministers.” The history of the people said, “The King of the First Month of the Spring of the First Year ascended the throne.” In the first year of the four kings of Xi, Zhuang, Jing and Xi, they all wrote only “The first year is the first month of the Spring King”, and did not write about ascending the throne. Zhao believed that these were all special reasons, such as “When the throne is in power, you cannot ascend the throne.”② According to Zhao, the first chapter of the first year of the dynasty was just a historical interpretation, without any profound meaning.
However, according to the explanation of the bank, this package is a very important meaning. He said that the writing method of “Year” is not a secret of unscrupulous position or conduct. “The Duke takes his position and performs his gifts, and then calls it the first year. The first year of the king is not someone else, but the Duke.” Then, this kind of calligraphy method shows that Duke only holds the position of the prime minister to be placed in his younger brother Duke Huan. However, Duke Huan came to his brother Duke Him for being a big evil act, and it was Duke Him for helping him. So obscurity is just what should be punished. From this he came up with a principle: “The ambition of “Year” is so strong that the father is so destined. If the country is so kind, it will be respected. If the country is so kind, it will be in accordance with the laws of heaven and inherit the father’s orders. Even if you do things ascend to the throne, it will be asserted. Therefore, you will not be able to ascend to the throne. The throne is the foundation of the country. The south side does not have the heart of the king, and the north side has the ambition of the two kings, and the position is still there! Ten years without righteousness (note, it refers to the second year of Emperor Qian to the eleventh year, and the essays in “Year” are all in the essays. The word “first month” is like), and it
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